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The New Covenant (3)
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MESSAGE: AR178
Preached: 23 Jun 96 ▪ Edited: 28 Apr 03
1. The New Covenant or the New Testament | Both concepts included | The significance of the New Covenant and what God has provided for us in Christ | Multiple roles of Christ | 2. Baptised into the body of Christ and church life | Every believer baptised into the body of Christ | Members of one another - a spiritual reality | Inter-dependence of members of the body of Christ | The importance and potential of healthy church life in the fulfilment of God's purposes | Personal and corporate responsibility - a balanced view | Being members of Christ's body - its implications | Concluding remarks
In the last few messages, we have considered the significance of what was accomplished at the Cross, its implications for mankind and the fulfilment of God's purposes. In this message, we will dwell on two points:
1. The New Covenant or the New Testament
2. Baptised into the body of Christ and church life (which is part of
God's provisions for us in the New Covenant)
On this subject of the New Covenant, have you ever wondered why the
portion of the Scriptures from Matthew to Revelation is called the New
Testament?
In your reading of the Scriptures, have you ever come across the term
the New Testament or even the term testament? If you go
through the New American Standard version (NASB) of the Bible, you will
not find this term being used.
As I understand it, the New Testament is actually a reference to the New
Covenant. The Greek word translated as covenant in the NASB is
diaqhkh,
and this word has two shades of meaning. One is testament or will,
and the other, covenant.
A testament is a will, and the one who makes it is known as the
testator. If a person dies without making a will, we say he has died
intestate.
A covenant is a solemn agreement entered into. It can be between
men or between God and man. The two are not the same. In a covenant
between God and man, God lays down the terms and the conditions and we
cannot bargain with Him.
In the NASB, the word diaqhkh is always translated as
covenant and never as testament. But in the King James
Version (KJV), this word is often translated as testament or
will. For example:
Verses | NASB | KJV |
Matt. 26:28 | for this is My blood of the covenant... | For this is my blood of the new testament... |
Mark 14:24 | This is My blood of the covenant... | This is my blood of the new testament... |
Luke 22:20 | This cup... is the new covenant in My blood... | This cup is the new testament in my blood... |
1 Cor. 11:25 | This cup is the new covenant in My blood... | This cup is the new testament in my blood... |
2 Cor. 3:14 | for until this very day at the reading of the old covenant the same veil remains unlifted... | for until this day remaineth the same vail untaken away in the reading of the old testament... |
As far as I can understand, the NASB translation of this word
diaqhkh
as covenant is generally more appropriate because it is a
continuation of the Old Testament idea of the covenant between God and
man.
The Scriptures records that God made several covenants with various
individuals and groups of people. For instance, God made covenants with
Noah and Abraham, and with Israel at Sinai, which was later renewed in
the land of Moab.
Noah | Gen. 9:9 | “Now behold, I Myself do establish My covenant with you, and with your descendants after you.” |
Abraham | Gen. 15:18 | On that day the Lord made a covenant with Abram, saying, “To your descendants I have given this land… |
Israel | Ex. 19:5, 6 | ‘Now then, if you will indeed obey My voice and keep My covenant, then you shall be My own possession among all the peoples, for all the earth is Mine; and you shall be to Me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.' |
Israel - renewal of covenant in Moab | Deut. 29:1 | These are the words of the covenant which the Lord commanded Moses to make with the sons of Israel in the land of Moab, besides the covenant which He had made with them at Horeb. |
The Scriptures tells us that the nation of Israel failed to live up to
their part of the covenant. Consequently, the Lord spoke through the
prophet Jeremiah about instituting a new covenant and about writing His
laws on their hearts (Jer. 31:31-34).
The term New Testament is not used in the Scriptures itself to
refer to the set of books from Matthew to Revelation. If I am not
mistaken, it is used because the KJV is an older version of the Bible
compared to the NASB, and was a widely read translation for many years.
Following this line of reasoning, the New Testament would be more
appropriately called the New Covenant, and the Old Testament, the
Old Covenant. However, I am not suggesting that we should from now
on change the way that we have been referring to the Old and New
Testaments because Christians have generally accepted these terms.
While this word diaqhkh may be translated either as covenant or testament, in some contexts in the Scriptures, it incorporates both concepts of covenant and testament (or will), especially so when it refers to the New Covenant. This can be seen in Hebrews 9:13-22 where the term covenant appears repeatedly.
Hebrews 9:13-22
13 For if the blood of goats and bulls and the ashes of a heifer
sprinkling those who have been defiled sanctify for the cleansing of the
flesh,
14 how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal
Spirit offered Himself without blemish to God, cleanse your conscience
from dead works to serve the living God?
15 For this reason He is the mediator of a new covenant, so that,
since a death has taken place for the redemption of the transgressions
that were committed under the first covenant, those who have been
called may receive the promise of the eternal inheritance.
16 For where a covenant is, there must of necessity be the death
of the one who made it.
17 For a covenant is valid only when men are dead, for it is
never in force while the one who made it lives.
18 Therefore even the first covenant was not inaugurated without
blood.
19 For when every commandment had been spoken by Moses to all the people
according to the Law, he took the blood of the calves and the goats,
with water and scarlet wool and hyssop, and sprinkled both the book
itself and all the people,
20 saying, “This is the blood of the covenant which God commanded
you.”
21 And in the same way he sprinkled both the tabernacle and all the
vessels of the ministry with the blood.
22 And according to the Law, one may almost say, all things are cleansed
with blood, and without shedding of blood there is no forgiveness.
In verse 15, the term the first covenant is used. This term also
refers to the Old Covenant, as Paul puts it in 2 Corinthians 3:14. As we
have seen earlier, it is not really the first covenant between God and
man. But it can be called the first covenant from the angle that in the
whole of the Scriptures, there are basically two main covenants: the Old
Covenant and the New Covenant. So, when Paul talks about the Old
Covenant, he assumes that his readers understand what he is referring to
because there is one major covenant in the Old Testament between God and
Israel and one after the coming of Christ, the New Covenant in Christ's
blood.
In both covenants, God lays down the terms, the promises and the
conditions. Not only that, both hinge on the shedding of blood or death.
In the Old Covenant, it is the shedding of the blood of bulls and goats;
in the New Covenant, the death of Christ.
While the Old Covenant talks about the shedding of the blood of bulls
and goats, it is clear that the Old Covenant also hinges on the death of
Christ because the blood of bulls and goats cannot take away our sins
(Heb. 10:4). It is a representation of the death of Christ.
The writer to the Hebrews takes pains to explain this to us in this
passage and in several other portions in Hebrews. We see then that both
concepts of covenant and testament or will are referred to. And man must
respond to God's terms in the covenant or testament in order to benefit
from it.
A covenant does not require the death of the one who made it, for
example, the covenant between David and Jonathan is one of friendship
and it didn't require the death of either of them. But this is not the
case with a testament or will. For a will to come into effect, the
testator must die.
Taking a closer look at verses 16 and 17, we see that the term
“covenant” also has the idea of testament or will. In verse 16 we read,
"For where a covenant is, there must be of necessity the death of the
one who made it." Thus the meaning of a testament or will is reflected
in the term covenant used by the writer to the Hebrews.
The writer goes on to explain that during the period of the Old
Covenant, it was already made quite clear that for men to be forgiven of
their sins, there must be the shedding of blood (vs. 18-22).
He further argues that the copies of the things in heaven are cleansed
with the blood of bulls and goats, but the heavenly things, the
realities themselves, need to be cleansed by better sacrifices,
referring to the shedding of Christ's blood on the Cross. So Christ is
the fulfilment of the type in the Old Testament.
We have then this idea of the covenant where God lays down the terms,
the promises, the conditions, and simultaneously, the idea of testament,
where there is the requirement of the death of Christ.
Concerning the New Testament or the New Covenant, Christ has already
died for our sins and He has opened the way for us to benefit from all
that God has provided for us. And God is now calling us into His kingdom
and is drawing us to Himself, and we need to respond in repentance and
faith. And as we do so, we are born of the Spirit and can then benefit
from all that God has provided for His children under the New Covenant
or testament.
The New Covenant is so central and far-reaching in its implications for
mankind and the fulfilment of God's purposes that the Scriptures, from
Matthew to Revelation, is appropriately known as the New Testament (or
the New Covenant). And the heart and substance of this portion of
the Scriptures is Christ. That is basically the gospel, the good news of
what we can have and find in Him. As Isaiah puts it, Christ is “our
covenant” (Isa. 42:6, 49:8).
The New Testament helps us to understand how we can respond to this good
news, how we are to live out our lives and attain to all that God
intends for us in Christ. For example, in Colossians 2:6, Paul talks
about how having received Him, we are now to walk in Him. And in
Colossians 3:4, he refers to Christ as “our life”. Seeing the centrality
of Christ in the New Testament, we can appreciate better why Paul says
in 1 Corinthians 2:2, “I determined to know nothing among you except
Jesus Christ, and Him crucified”.
From all that we have considered, we can see clearly that the role of
Christ is crucial in the New Covenant. Not only that, we can also see
that there are multiple roles of the Lord Jesus Christ in the New
Covenant. He is the testator whose death is crucial for the will
(testament) to take effect, as we read in Hebrews 9:16-17. He is also
the mediator of the New Covenant as we see in Hebrews 9:15. Not only
that, Christ is also the substance of what we can have in the New
Covenant. In Colossians 2:17, we read that the rituals commanded by God
in the Old Testament are “things which are a mere shadow of what is to
come; but the substance belongs to Christ”. At the heart of what we can
benefit in the New Covenant is Christ Himself. And that is why not only
is His death important, so also is the fact that He has risen, because
what we are, what we can have and what we can attain to, are all found
in the risen Christ.
Furthermore, the Lord Jesus Christ is also the means by which we fulfill
our part in the covenant. As I have mentioned, there are two parts in
the covenant: God laying down the terms and conditions and making known
His provisions for us, and we fulfilling our part. But it is not just we
ourselves trying to fulfill our part in the New Covenant, but the Lord
Jesus Christ Himself is also at the very heart of the means by which we
fulfill our part. How do we fulfill our part? With a repentant spirit
and a heart of faith, we learn to walk in Him, abide in Him and He in
us. The essence of this is captured in what Paul declares in Colossians
1:27, “Christ in you, the hope of glory” and what he testifies in
Galatians 2:20, “I have been crucified with Christ; and it is no longer
I who live, but Christ lives in me.”
From all that we have considered, we can see clearly that the role of
Christ is crucial in the New Covenant. Not only that, we can also see
that there are multiple roles of the Lord Jesus Christ in the New
Covenant.
We have also seen in an earlier message that God spoke through Isaiah,
saying that the coming Messiah is to be our covenant (Isa. 42:6;
49:8). It is rather strange and unusual to say that a person is a
covenant. But Christ, the coming Messiah, is God's covenant for us. This
can help us to appreciate why Paul tells us in Colossians 2:2 that
Christ is the mystery. From my study, Paul generally uses the
word mystery, especially in his epistles to the Ephesians and
Colossians, with reference to God's revelation of important truths
pertaining to or having a bearing on the fulfilment of God's purposes
including how it is to be attained and fulfilled. And at the heart of
what has been revealed is that God's plan and purposes are to be
fulfilled in and through Christ. This is so central that Paul equates
the mystery with Christ and Christ with the mystery.
So it is interesting and helpful for us to note that God is trying to
communicate to us that Christ has multiple roles. The various terms like
testator, mediator, substance, means, covenant and mystery are meant to
help us understand this truth. God often tries to communicate the
different facets of major areas of truths in various ways and by using
different terms. He wants to reveal to us a body of truth and reality.
If we are not sufficiently observant and reflective, we may appreciate
these truths only from certain angles and will then miss out on a
wholesome appreciation of the entire body of truth and the ultimate
reality that the Lord wants us to learn and grasp.
I will now consider with you another aspect of the New Covenant as part
of the significance of the death of Christ.
In a previous message, we have asked ourselves why the Lord Jesus was
willing to endure the Cross when it involved such terrible agony and
pain. Hebrews 12:2 tells us that it was for the joy set before Him that
He endured the cross, despising the shame. But what is this joy that is
set before Him? It is likely to include the significance of what was
accomplished at the Cross, its implications for mankind and the
fulfilment of God's purposes, that is, what God has opened up for us in
the New Covenant in Christ's blood. It also tells us that the Lord Jesus
was looking forward to something extremely beautiful and important,
things concerning the fulfilment of God's purposes.
The area of truth I will now consider with you will help us to further
appreciate the meaning of this joy set before the Lord Jesus. It can
also help us understand how we can fulfill our part in bringing about
this joy that the Lord Jesus is looking forward to.
Every believer on conversion is born of the Spirit and baptised by
the Spirit into the body of Christ. This is a spiritual reality and an
important part of God's plan and provision for His children under the
New Covenant.
As believers, we should prayerfully seek to appreciate what this means.
Let's consider several passages on this subject.
1 Corinthians 12:12-13
12 For even as the body is one and yet has many members, and all the
members of the body, though they are many, are one body, so also is
Christ.
13 For by one Spirit we were all baptized into one body, whether Jews or
Greeks, whether slaves or free, and we were all made to drink of one
Spirit.
Notice here that all the members of the body, though many, are one body.
Both aspects are true: many, yet one. How does this come about? Verse 13
says, “For by one Spirit we were all baptized into one body...” Notice
the words “for by one Spirit” and “we were all”.
“For by one Spirit” tells us that this is done by the Spirit of God and
not by us. Our part is repentance and faith, and once we are converted,
we are born of the Spirit and He baptises us into the body of Christ.
“We were all” tells us that firstly, this has already taken place and
secondly, that this is true of all believers, regardless of spiritual
maturity, ethnic background (Jews or Greeks), sex (male or female),
social status (slave or free) or any other factor.
We must appreciate this point that we are all part of one body.
The term “one body” is not to be taken in the literal sense because we
are not joined physically as one. We are still separate individuals.
Neither should the term “one body” be taken merely as a figurative
expression. It is a spiritual reality. We are spiritually joined, not
only to Christ, but also to one another. We are members of one another
and we are spiritually part of one another. Together, we form the body
of Christ.
When we read 1 Corinthians 12:12-14, we may sometimes think that Paul is
merely giving an analogy of the human body to illustrate that members of
Christ's body have different roles, functions and gifts. But let us
realise that we are individually members of one another and it is a
spiritual reality that together we form the body of Christ. Romans
12:4-5 makes this very clear.
Romans 12:4-5
4 For just as we have many members in one body and all the members do
not have the same function,
5 so we, who are many, are one body in Christ, and individually members
one of another.
An appreciation of this spiritual reality can help us gain a fresh
insight into the meaning and intentions of God for His people as well as
the meaning and basis of unity amongst believers. It will also help us
understand in a fresh and deeper way what it means to care for one
another and how our lives affect one another.
In one sense, we can say that we are incomplete in ourselves and the
spiritual life of a believer is not merely a relationship between the
individual and God. We need one another and are inter-dependant. Each
part of the body is incomplete in itself and by itself. In a very vital
way, our lives, including the quality of our lives and how we are
faring, affect one another spiritually because we are spiritually bound
to one another.
Let us look again at 1 Corinthians 12. Following from the spiritual fact
that we have been baptised by the Spirit of God into one body, Paul goes
on to explain the meaning and implications in a lengthy passage in 1
Corinthians 12:14-27. I will go through some of the verses in this
passage and make some comments as I go along.
v. 14 For the body is not one member, but many.
Paul wants to emphasise that although there is one body, there are many
members that make up that one body.
v. 15 If the foot says, “Because I am not a hand, I am not a part of the
body,” it is not for this reason any the less a part of the body.
It is a spiritual fact that we are a part of the body. We cannot, by
denying it, make it not so. Even if we say we are not a part of the
body, we still are. Whether or not we recognise it, we are a part of the
body.
vs. 16-17 And if the ear says, “Because I am not an eye, I am not a part
of the body,” it is not for this reason any the less a part of the body.
If the whole body were an eye, where would the hearing be? If the whole
were hearing, where would the sense of smell be?
These two verses communicate to us the importance of recognising that
the body is formed of different parts and each has its different
function. We are not all the same and we are incomplete in ourselves.
The body cannot just consist of an eye. If that were so, the body cannot
perform many other functions. Not only is the body made up of parts,
each part is different and important. Together they form the body.
v. 18 But now God has placed the members, each one of them, in the body,
just as He desired.
God has, in His wisdom, created each one of us differently, with
distinct features and endowed us with different gifts. He places us in
the body and assigns us different roles according to His perfect wisdom.
v. 21 And the eye cannot say to the hand, “I have no need of you”; or
again the head to the feet, “I have no need of you.”
This verse reminds us that we are incomplete by ourselves. We need one
another. The members of the body need to recognise this truth for them
to fit properly into God's plan and purposes, and for the body to grow
wholesomely unto maturity. This is the way God desires it.
vs. 22-24 On the contrary, it is much truer that the members of the body
which seem to be weaker are necessary; and those members of the body
which we deem less honourable, on these we bestow more abundant honour,
and our less presentable members become much more presentable, whereas
our more presentable members have no need of it. But God has so
composed the body, giving more abundant honour to that member which
lacked.
Paul warns us not to look down on others or to deem certain ones as
unimportant. All are important and we need to give due respect to one
another and recognise that all members of the body are important to God
and all members of the body are important in order for the body to
function well.
v. 25 so that there may be no division in the body, but that the members
may have the same care for one another
We must be very careful on this issue of unity. We are in the body of
Christ and there is only one body. Thus we should be united. But it is
possible for us, in our attitudes, ways and conduct, to live contrary to
this oneness in the body and thus cause divisions in the body. And Paul
is trying to communicate to us here that it is a very serious matter if
we were to cause divisions in the body. We should learn to care for one
another because we are vitally linked to one another. Not only that,
Paul went on to say how our lives affect one another spiritually.
v. 26 And if one member suffers, all the members suffer with it; if one
member is honoured, all the members rejoice with it.
Whether we like it or not, whether we acknowledge it or we deny it, what
happens to one member affects the rest because we are vitally,
spiritually joined to one another. Thus if one member suffers, the other
members are affected. We should not be competing with one another. If
anyone does well, the others should rejoice. If one member is honoured,
all the members rejoice with it. We are part of one another.
v. 27 Now you are Christ's body, and individually members of it.
Paul rounds up his exhortations about body life by declaring that each
believer is a member of the body, and that together we form the body of
Christ, He being the head.
This passage that we have just considered covers an important area of
truth and spiritual reality. The Spirit of God baptising us into the
body of Christ is a deliberate part of God's plan in the fulfilment of
His purposes. God desires individuals to have a deep relationship and
fellowship with Him. But God is not just calling and reconciling
individuals to Himself. He is also calling each one of us into the body
of Christ so that we can have deep fellowship with one another. In this
way, we may appreciate more deeply what it means to encourage and build
up one another, and to cooperate with one another as members of the body
of Christ, just as members of the physical body need to cooperate for
the body to function properly.
All these are to take place within the framework of truth and God's
revelation. As each one of us learns to submit to Christ as the head of
the body, we will find true unity. God desires that we experience and
work out His intentions for church life in an increasing measure.
The growth, development and blossoming of church life have tremendous
potential for spiritual life and power and for God's wisdom to be
manifested. It also has great potential in contributing to the
advancement of God's kingdom and in the fulfilment of His purposes.
Let us now look at some passages in the Scriptures on this subject.
Ephesians 4:11-16
11 And He gave some as apostles, and some as prophets, and some as
evangelists, and some as pastors and teachers,
12 for the equipping of the saints for the work of service, to the
building up of the body of Christ;
13 until we all attain to the unity of the faith, and of the knowledge
of the Son of God, to a mature man, to the measure of the stature which
belongs to the fullness of Christ.
14 As a result, we are no longer to be children, tossed here and there
by waves and carried about by every wind of doctrine, by the trickery of
men, by craftiness in deceitful scheming;
15 but speaking the truth in love, we are to grow up in all aspects into
Him who is the head, even Christ,
16 from whom the whole body, being fitted and held together by what
every joint supplies, according to the proper working of each individual
part, causes the growth of the body for the building up of itself in
love.
In verses 11-13, Paul tells us that God gave us apostles, prophets and
teachers to equip the saints so that we may attain to a mature man. By
this, he is referring to the growth and development of individuals to
maturity. But notice in verse 12 that this is done in the context of the
body of Christ. Paul went on to explain how this is to be expressed.
v. 15a speaking the truth in love.
This can also be translated as “be truthful in a way that manifests
love”. It is not confined to the area of speech, but extends to other
areas of life too. We are to be truthful in a way that manifests love.
v. 15b …we are to grow up in all aspects into Him who is the head, even
Christ.
This portion of verse 15 talks about the headship of Christ. Over the
centuries, the issue of unity has been much discussed among believers.
It is still a major issue today. Many attempts have been made to achieve
unity. But what is true unity? Is it achieved when various groups come
together under one big umbrella? This passage helps us to understand
what true unity is.
True unity comes about when members of the body of Christ recognise the
headship of Christ and learn to submit to Him within the framework of
truth. Men's ideas and attempts at achieving unity, without true
submission to the headship of Christ, will lead to false unity and
various complications. There may be apparent unity, but it is not true
unity. The basis of true unity is submission to Christ as the head.
It is when we are one with Christ that growth takes place, as we learn
to appreciate and understand more and more what it means to be united
with Christ, submitted to Him, abiding in Him and He in us, and as each
member functions as he ought.
v. 16 from whom the whole body, being fitted and held together by what
every joint supplies, according to the proper working of each individual
part…
As we are all properly joined to the head, submitted to Christ and to
His instructions and revelations through the Scriptures, it leads to the
proper working of each individual part and this brings about not only
true unity, but also the growth of the body.
In healthy church life and body life, each member is properly submitted
to the head and is functioning well. There is mutual help, encouragement
and edification. In such a context, each member is able to develop his
full potential and attain unto maturity.
Ephesians 1:22-23
22 And He put all things in subjection under His feet, and gave Him as
head over all things to the church,
23 which is His body, the fullness of Him who fills all in all.
We all know the greatness, glory and majesty of Christ. But we see in
this passage in Ephesians 1:22-23 that the church is His body, the
fullness of Him who fills all in all. With the establishment of the
church after His death and resurrection, we can say, in one sense, that
Christ is no longer complete in Himself. In the ultimate sense, we know
that Christ is perfect and complete in Himself. But in another sense, He
is not complete without His body, the church. Henceforth, God desires
that His purposes be accomplished together with the church and no longer
by the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit on their own.
This is a very deep and profound truth. God wants not only individuals
but also the church, the body of Christ, to have an important part in
the fulfilment of His plan and purposes. This reality of church life or
body life is so awesome that Paul describes it as the "fullness of Him".
If the church, the body of Christ, is in a sorry state, and we are not
growing and functioning well, the fullness of Christ is affected because
we are part of Him. We are now His body, joined to Him and a part of
Him. We are no longer separate from Him. Thus, our state now reflects on
Christ and bears a relationship with God's plan and purposes.
Let us turn to Ephesians 3:8-11 for a further treatment of this subject.
Ephesians 3:8-11
8 To me, the very least of all saints, this grace was given, to preach
to the Gentiles the unfathomable riches of Christ,
9 and to bring to light what is the administration of the mystery which
for ages has been hidden in God who created all things;
10 so that the manifold wisdom of God might now be made known through
the church to the rulers and the authorities in the heavenly places.
11 This was in accordance with the eternal purpose which He carried out
in Christ Jesus our Lord
In this passage in Ephesians, Paul soberly talks about the ministry that
God has entrusted to him, which is to make known to the Gentiles
the mystery that had up till then been hidden. This mystery has
to do with God's eternal plan and purposes. Paul says his preaching and
his ministry is to bring to light the administration of this mystery, so
that God's manifold wisdom may be made known through the church to the
rulers and authorities in the heavenly realm, in accordance with God's
eternal purpose which He carried out in Christ (vs. 9-11).
This indicates to us that if the church is functioning well, it has
tremendous potential for spiritual life and power and beauty, and in
that context, manifesting the wisdom of God and advancing His kingdom in
the spiritual realm. It also tells us that the issues shared in this
message - church life, body life, submission to Christ - have to do with and
are a part of the fulfilment of God's purposes through Christ.
These are deep things that the Lord has revealed to us in the
Scriptures. We need to look to Him for growing insight and
understanding, and cooperate with Him so that what has been shared above
may come about.
It is important for us to have the correct understanding and approach
with regard to personal and corporate responsibility. Sometimes, there
is an over-emphasis on one to the neglect of the other. But to be
wholesome and balanced, we need to bear in mind both:
Personal. This refers to personal growth, personal relationship with
God, personal service, personal responsibility and accountability. There
is the personal aspect. But we need also to bear in mind the other
aspect.
Corporate. This includes church growth, church life, body life,
corporate responsibility and corporate accountability.
This aspect of personal and corporate responsibility can be seen in Revelation, when the risen Christ addresses the seven churches. On the one hand, He refers to the churches corporately; on the other hand, He addresses the issues of personal responsibility and personal accountability and noted individual differences amongst the believers. We can read this in several passages, but we shall look at one example in chapter 3, when He addresses the church in Sardis.
Revelation 3:1-3
1 "To the angel of the church in Sardis write:
He who has the seven Spirits of God and the seven stars, says this: 'I
know your deeds, that you have a name that you are alive, but you are
dead.
2 ‘Wake up, and strengthen the things that remain, which were about to
die; for I have not found your deeds completed in the sight of My God.
3 ‘So remember what you have received and heard; and keep it, and
repent. Therefore if you do not wake up, I will come like a thief, and
you will not know at what hour I will come to you.'
He first addresses the church in Sardis corporately. In verse 1, He says, “You have a name that you are alive, but you are dead.” Then he refers to individuals in verse 4:
Revelation 3:4
‘But you have a few people in Sardis who have not soiled their garments;
and they will walk with Me in white, for they are worthy.'
“But you have a few people…” Although God looks at us corporately, He
also bears in mind the individuals. There were some individuals in the
church in Sardis who had “not soiled their garments” and were commended
by the Lord as worthy. The individual part is thus very critical.
Again in verses 5 and 6, the Lord addresses the issue of individual
responsibility and accountability.
Revelation 3:5-6
5 ‘He who overcomes will thus be clothed in white garments; and I will
not erase his name from the book of life.
6 ‘He who has an ear, let him hear.'
“He who overcomes…” and “He who has an ear…” indicate individual responsibility. We can overcome as a group, but the individual also needs to overcome. The Lord may be speaking to the church as a whole, but how each individual receives and responds to His message is a critical issue.
Both aspects of personal and corporate responsibility are real,
important and relevant. We need to bear in mind the words of Paul in 1
Corinthians 12:12 - “the body is one and yet has many members”; we are
many but at the same time, we are also one.
Believers should not view their spiritual life as merely between the
individual and God. We must recognise the spiritual reality of the body
and not become individualistic in an unhealthy sense, ignoring the fact
that we are members of one another and neglecting the reality of the
life of the body and the meaning of caring for one another and moving
forward and serving together.
There is such a reality as oneness of the body. We must realise that our
lives are integrally bound to one another and our lives affect one
another's. The health of the whole body is affected by the health of the
individual members. As such, we need to pay attention to personal
growth, personal responsibility and personal accountability.
However we must not think that if others build the house, we will also
be built up, since we are a part of the house. We must also not think
that if we are in a context that is healthy, we will be all right, since
we are a part of the body. No, this is erroneous thinking. Not only is
it wrong for us to shirk our responsibility and leave the building of
the house to others, it is also wrong for us to think that we will be
well when the house is being built up. On the contrary, the house may be
built up, yet we may degenerate. Thus the Lord may commend the body, the
congregation as a whole, but at the same time He may also rebuke
individual members and be displeased with their lives.
This truth of personal responsibility and accountability comes through clearly in 2 Corinthians 5:10.
2 Corinthians 5:10
For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, so that each
one may be recompensed for his deeds in the body, according to what he
has done, whether good or bad.
Yes, we will all appear before the judgement seat of Christ. There is
the corporate aspect in which God will view and treat us as a whole. But
there is also the personal accountability and responsibility in which
God will recompense each one according to the deeds done in the body,
whether good or bad.
If we are growing well, we will and can contribute to the health of the
body of Christ. If we degenerate, we will adversely affect the body of
Christ. Conversely, whether church life is healthy or unhealthy, it will
have a bearing on the health of the individual and how the individual
grows. The health of the individual believer and the health of church
life bear a relationship with each other and both are important to the
Lord.
Being members of Christ's body not only communicates to us the spiritual reality of our being part of one another and joined to one another; it also communicates to us how much we are a part of Christ. We are members of His body; we are therefore very close to Him. In fact, we are part of Him. The Scriptures uses these words “members of His body” not merely as a descriptive phrase, but it intends to communicate to us that it is a spiritual reality. There are serious implications to this spiritual reality. One aspect has to do with how we ought to live our lives as it has a direct bearing on the Lord because we are members of His body. The second aspect relates to the deep assurance we can have of how much we mean to the Lord and how much He loves and cares for us.
Let's consider the first part - how we ought to live our lives.
1 Corinthians 6:15-17
15 Do you not know that your bodies are members of Christ? Shall I then
take away the members of Christ and make them members of a prostitute?
May it never be!
16 Or do you not know that the one who joins himself to a prostitute is
one body with her? For He says, “The two shall become one flesh.”
17 But the one who joins himself to the Lord is one spirit with Him.
In verse 15, when Paul asks the two questions, “Do you not know that
your bodies are members of Christ?” and “Shall I then take away the
members of Christ and make them members of a prostitute?” he is telling
us that the matter he is considering is a very serious matter, not just
in relation to our own lives, but also to the Lord. Paul's concern is
not merely the physical but the spiritual implications. The issue is not
merely sexual immorality, but the spiritual realities involved because
we are joined to the Lord spiritually, being one spirit with Him (v.
17), and being members of His body.
The Scriptures seeks to communicate to us that we are very much a part
of Christ. So then, what we do, how we conduct ourselves, how we live
our lives, whether we live well or we live a life of sin, affects and
involves the Lord. This is a very solemn responsibility. If we do not
live our lives properly, we not only put God to shame, but also involve
the Lord Jesus in our lives because we are members of His body. We
represent Him in a far deeper sense then the word “representative”
normally suggests. This is what Paul tries to communicate when he asks
rhetorically “Shall I then take away the members of Christ and make them
members of a prostitute?”
However, we should not just be thinking of the negative aspects, of a
life of sin. If we live well, it is also a glory to Christ, because
Christ is directly involved in our lives. So let us be more conscious of
this very important area - the implications of how we live our lives - for
it directly involves the Lord.
The other aspect is the deep assurance of how much we mean to the Lord, how precious we are to Him and how close we are to Him. Let us turn to Ephesians 5:28-30. This is a context where Paul is talking about marriage and the relationship between husband and wife.
Ephesians 5:28-30
28 So husbands ought also to love their own wives as their own bodies.
He who loves his own wife loves himself;
29 for no one ever hated his own flesh, but nourishes and cherishes it,
just as Christ also does the church,
30 because we are members of His body.
In verse 29, Paul says, “No one ever hated his own flesh, but nourishes
and cherishes it, just as Christ also does the church, because we are
members of His body.” We nourish, cherish and look after our body.
Christ also nourishes and cherishes the church because we are members of
His body. The Lord Jesus has bought us with His own blood. He died for
us to redeem us and now we are members of His body. We mean very much to
Him. He deeply loves us and cares for us in whatever we may be going
through - our difficulties, our pains, our struggles. Whatever disturbs,
perturbs, assails or confronts us and whatever may come upon us, the
Lord Jesus is very deeply concerned. He cares very much for our welfare
and our well-being.
Let us be deeply gripped by this area of truth so that we will never
entertain the question - Does Jesus care? Of course He does! We are
members of His body. Not for a single moment is He unaware of what is
happening to us or is uncaring towards us.
The issue is not whether the Lord Jesus cares. Rather it is whether we
know how to pay due attention to our own lives. “Pay close attention to
yourself”, Paul wrote to Timothy (1 Tim. 4:16). God wants us to take
good care of our own lives, to live well. But do we know how to care for
ourselves - how to respond to the Lord and His perfect will for us, how to
cooperate with Him in what He desires to do in our lives, in what He
desires to teach and train us - so that we can become a source of
blessing, someone through whom He can work out His plans and purposes?
These things that we have been dwelling on are very deep truths. The
whole subject is very important but I have only covered it in a manner
that you may have the big picture, a bird's eye view, of the major
issues pertaining to the Cross and its significance. To consider them
more fully, much elaboration is needful, but I will not do so in the
present context.
So then, let us ponder on the primary issues we have considered in this
message. Have we come to appreciate the centrality of Christ in the New
Covenant? Have we gained spiritual insight into God's eternal purposes
and how He seeks to fulfill them through the church, which is the body
of Christ? Do we realise that our lives are integrally bound up with
those of other believers and do we strive for true unity in the Spirit?
Will we diligently seek to be a healthy member of the body of Christ and
contribute our part to the building up of the body? This is what our
Lord Jesus Christ suffered and died for. Let us not disappoint Him.
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